Pressureproof dispenser closure



Nov. 13, 1951 R. B. WAITE PRESSURE PROOF DISPENSER CLOSURE OriginalFiled Oct. 27, 1948 INVENTOR 5040/; .5. MZQ BY Q 3 g M v @MW.

ATTQRNEYS Patented Nov. 13, 1951 PRESSUREPROOF DISPENSER CLOSURE RalphB. Waite, Springville, N. Y.

Continuation of application Serial No. 86.693, Dctober 27, 1948. Thisapplication August lit,

1951, Serial No. 241,257

11 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in dispensing closures forcontainers in the industrial, chemical and pharmaceutical arts, such asin connection with dental cream or like products, and has particularreference to an improved pressure-proof dispenser closure for use inconnection with collapsible or deformable tubes, bottles, etc.,containing dental cream. shaving cream, cosmetics and the like. Thisapplication is a continuation of my copending application Serial Number56,693, filed October 27, 1948, and since abandoned.

An important object of the invention is to provide a container andclosure plug therefor which embodies improved means for fixing theclosure plug in non-leaking position relative to the container, eventhough the container is placed under substantial pressure, for examplewhen it is packed in a suitcase or the like.

A further object is to provide a dispensing control closure forcontainers which shall effectively and in fact hermetically seal thecontents of the container between dispensing operation, thus preventingthe drying and hardening of the material in the container.

A further object is to provide an improved sealing arrangement for acontainer of the type referred to wherein multiple sealing meanscooperate with each other for the effective sealing of the container.

A further object is to provide in a device of this character a closureplug slidable in the neck of a container and of such nature as to bedeformable under internal pressures, and to utilize such inherentdeformability in the plug to seal it within the neck of the container toprevent opening movement of the plug, after the latter has been pushedto closed position, when the container is subjected to external forceswhich generate internal pressures therein.

A further object is to provide a novel device of the character referredto wherein a particularly effective cooperation is established betweenthe closure plug and the container body, thusmaking -it possible toprovide a closure plug which is slidable outwardly from the neck of thecontainer for the dispensing of material therefrom and wherein thereturn movement of the plug into the I neck of the tube will notdisplace material upwardly through the passage in the tube to leave a.daub at the discharge port, thus permitting the device to dispensematerial from the container, whereupon the plug can be pushed cleanlyback to its normal closed position without leaving a messy daub ofmaterial around the head of the plug and the neck of the container.

A further object is to provide a device of this character employing aslidable closure plug having a passage therethrough communicating at itsouter end with a lateral discharge port through which material such asshaving cream, dental cream, etc. may be dispensed when the plug ispulled to open position and pressure is applied to the container, and toso form the dispensing port as to provide for the extrusion from thedischarge port of a ribbon of the material in flat form to facilitatethe use of the material.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparentduring the course of the following description.

In the drawing 1 have shown one embodiment of the invention. In thisshowing Figure 1 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view taken througha portion of the upper end of the dispensing tube of the collapsibletype, the closure plug being shown in elevation with parts broken away,

Figure 2 is a section, on an enlarged scale through the closure member,taken substantially along line II-lI of Figure l and Figure 3 is asubstantially exaggerated fragmentary detail view of the closure sealingridge means associated with the plug.

The invention has been illustrated in conjunction with a container ofthe collapsible tube type. The container is formed of deformable metalof the usual type, and has the usual body part it provided with anupstanding reduced cylindrical neck ll formed with a bore l2 the lowerend of which is cylindrical and the upper end of which tapers upwardlyto increase in diameter as further referred to below.

The dispensing control device is indicated as a whole by the numeral I land comprises a generally cylindrical body formed of plastic material,such as a suitable synthetic plastic or rubber or the like and isprovided with a central longitudinal bore or passage 20 closed at itsupper end by means of a head 2| formed on the control device It. Thishead is preferably oval or oblong in plan shape as shown in Figure 2, soas to enable the operator to securely grasp the head with his fingersand to rotate the plug M to facilitate seating and locking or unseatingand unlocking of the plug relative to the container, much after thefashion of rotating a bottle cork to remove it.

The inner end of the plug or closure It is provided with a barb shapedformation 26, vertically bisected by means of a vertical groove 28extending from the lower end of the closure and running into andcommunicating with a transverse groove 29. This provides a pair ofnormal- Lv outstanding ends 30 adapted to act as detents to prevent thedispensing control member l4 from becoming detached from the neck of thecontainer subsequent to assembly thereof within the tube. The materialof the plug or closure |4 being deformable and flexible, the detents30-30 extend outwardly beyond the contour of the body l4, therebyforming detents for engagement under the lower end of the neck of thecontainer. The downward and inward taper of the face 26 is such that thedetents 30 are guided and compressed inwardly into the bore of the neckwhen inserting the dispensing plug in the neck of the container. Theresilient wall sections are easily compressed within the neck as themember l4 passes downwardly. and the detents 30 spring outwardly so thatupon reversal of axial movement, they will engage the lower end of theneck of the container to limit upward movement of the plug Adjacent itsupper end, the passage or bore 20 opens into communication with alaterally directed discharge or dispensing port 34, extending through aside wall portion of the plug H at such position that when the plug ispulled upwardly to the broken line position shown in Figure 1, the port34 clears the upper end of the neck When the plug I4 is push d inwardlyto the solid line position shown in Figure 1, the discharge port 34 isclosed by the neck of the container. In this connection it will be notedthat the cap 2| is provided with an axial substantially hemisphericalboss 22 for facilitating the closing of the plug in a manner to bedescribed.

The upper portion of the bore l2 of the neck tapers to increase indiameter upwardly, and the upper portion of the closure plug I4 issimilarly tapered as at 36. Whenever the closure is pressed back tosealing position as shown in solid lines in Figure 1, therefore, the taered portions of the neck and plug will snugly fit each other.

In practice it has been found that the tapered bore portion of the neckH and the correspondingly tapered portion 36 of the plug I 4 very snuglyengage each other and tend very strongly to prevent upward movement ofthe plug from its closed position under the influence of internalpressures within the tube ID, as further referred to below. However,means is provided for even more effectively preventing undesirableopening movement of the plug, and for improving the sealing of the plugwithin the neck of the container to the point where a substantiallyperfect hermetic seal is provided. The body of the plug I4 is providedpreferably with a plurality of outstanding rings 40 formed integral withthe plug l4. These rings are shown as being four in number in Figure 1and the cross-sectional shape of the rings has been greatly exaggeratedin Figure 3. Actually, these rings project only slightly beyond theadjacent surfaces of the plugs. One such ring may be employed, or aplurality of them as shown for example in Figure 1. One of the rings,the ring 42 as shown in Figure 1, is preferably arranged at a positionon the plug above the dispensing port 34.

Operation The operation of the device, in general, will be apparent fromthe foregoing description. The parts normally occupy the positions shownin Figure 1, the closure plug 4 being pushed inwardly, the cylindricaland tapered portions of the plug snugly fitting the correspondingly (and42) snugly binding within the neck of the container, and the cap 2|preferably seating on the upper end of the neck When the contents of thetube are to be dispensed, the user will grasp the cap 2|, which is outof round as shown in Figure 2. and by imparting a slight twisting actionto the head 2| while at the same time pulling upwardly thereon, the plug|4 will be released from the neck II for free upward movement to theoperative broken line position in Figure l. The material within the tubeIt readily may be dispensed by squeezing the tube to displace thecontents of the tube upwardly through the passage 2|! and outwardlythrough the discharge port 34. The cream orother contents of the tubewill be wiped or otherwise removed from the vicinity of the dischargeport 34, whereupon the plug I4 may be pushed back to the inoperativeclosed position shown in solid lines in Figure 1.

The cylindrical portion of the plug l4 has a sliding fit with thecylindrical portion of the bore l2 of the neck ll, such portion of theneck bore thus acting as a sliding bearing for the plug in its movementbetween opened and closed positions. The plug I4, as previously stated,is made of a deformable material such as a deformable plastic, and thepassage or bore 20 may be made circular in cross-section, concentric toor eccentric with respect to the axis of the plug i4, or it may beout-of-round as shown in Figure 2 with opposite sides of the borerelatively flat and parallel to each other, and with the intermediatewalls of the bore, 90 from the flat faces thereof, formed relativelythin. This arrangement provides a closure plug in which the radialdeformability of the material of the plug is uneven through thecircumference thereof, thus permitting radial deformation to take placereadily. In practice, however, it has been found that thecross-sectional shape of the bore 20 is not critical in any sense, andas stated above, this bore may be cir-.

cular and concentric with the axis of the plug 4, if desired.

The radial deformabiiity of the plug is extremely important. Materialssold in tubes of this character frequently contain materials which arevolatile under elevated tem eratures, even if such temperatures are notparticularly high. For example, many toilet materials such as shavingcream, toothpaste and the like, in a tube of this character placed ondisplay in a drug store window and subject to the action of the sun'srays, will expand materially within the tube, due in part to thevolatile constituents of the material and due in part to the expansionof the solid materials at the higher temperatures. Such expansion of thematerial in the tube creates a pressure on the lower end of the plug IIwhich will tend to move this plug endwise away from closed position, andif this action takes place, the material within the tube will be forcedfrom the upper end thereof.

In this connection it will be noted that the dispensing port 34 normallysnugly fits within the neck II when the plug is in the fully closedposition. However, if the plug is forced upwardly even to a slightextent under the influence of internal pressures within the tube l0 dueto expansion or volatility of the materials in the tube, the port 34will not be snugly closed and material within the tube will be extrudedtherefrom. However, the radial deformability of the plug prevents thisundesirable action from taking shaped inner surfaces of the neck, theridge 40 place. The binding of the plug within the tube provides asubstantial degree of resistance to movement of the plug out of closedposition unless the cap 2| is grasped-by the hand and opened in radialdeformation of the plug. Thus whenever there is excessive internalpressure present within the tube, due to expansion under the influenceof elevated temperatures or due to externally applied pressures, forexample, when a tube is packed in a suitcase and subjected to thepressure of surrounding articles, the plug [4 will not be dislodged fromits fully closed position. Accordingly the present device may be packedin a suitcase with no wrapping therearound to protect articles ofclothing arranged next to the tube.

Another important feature of the invention lies in the fact that whenthe plug is pushed from opened to closed position after material hasbeen dispensed from the tube, there will be no messy daub of materialprojecting from the discharge port 34. It normally would be expectedthat after the tube I0 has been squeezed to extrude a ribbon from thedischarge opening 44 and the plug is then pushed inwardly to closedposition, the material within the tube would be displaced by the lowerend of the plug and such material would flow upwardly through thepassage and some would be discharged through the port 34 to leave a daubof material projecting outwardly from such port. This operation however,together with its obvious disadvantage, does not take place. Thematerial of the tube 0 is highly flexible and deformable but isself-form retaining in accordance with the conventional practice inmaking collapsible tubes of this character. The crosssectional area ofthe passage 20 is so related to the deformability of the material fromwhich the tube body I0 is made that the resistance to passage ofmaterial through the bore 20 is greater than the resistance of the tubebody ID to outward deformation. To accomplish this there is no definitesize or cross-sectional shape for the passage 20 since this will dependupon the nature and consistency of the material within the tube H]. Alarger passage 20 will be used for thick crea'ms; a relatively smallerpassage 20 for creams and the like of medium thickness, and a relativelysmaller passage 20 will be used for relatively thin creams.

The cross-sectional area of the passage 20 need not be uniform from endto end thereof, so long as the shape of the passage does not appreciablyreduce the degree of radial deformability of the plug body and so longas the passage 20 provides the proper degree of resistance to movementof the material therethrough in proportion of the degree of deformationof the tube body I0. It is preferred, however, that the minimum diameteror cross-sectional area of the passage be at the lower end of the plugand that such minimum cross-sectional area of the passage be not overseventy-five percent. of the cross-sectional area of the cylindricalportion of the plug body.

It has been found that where a discharge port such as the port 34 isprovided through a relatively thin wall portion of the plug, there is atendency for the extruded ribbon of material to curl as it leaves thedischarge port. It has been found that if this discharge port is formedthrough a relatively thick wall portion of the 6 plug, as shown inFigure 1, there is no tendency for the ribbon of material to curl. Theribbon is extruded perfectly straight and this is important,

particularly in the case of dental cream, since it provides a fiatribbon toothbrush.

In the use of the device it is frequently the practice to hold the tubein one hand and to hold something else in the other hand, for examplewhen extruding a ribbon of dental cream of cream to lie flat on 9.

onto a toothbrush. The boss 22 greatly facilitates the easy closing ofthe plug M with the use of the one hand holding the tube l0.Assumingthat the user has extruded a ribbon of cream onto a toothbrush,the ribbon will be wiped oif at the port 34, whereupon the user mayengage the boss 22 against a convenient wall or mirror surface and pushinwardly on the plug. If the boss 22 were not present, it would benecessary for the user to fairly accurately exert force against a wallsurface axially of the cap 2|, otherwise there might possibly be atendency for the plug I4 to bind in the bore I2. The hemispherical boss22 permits the closing operation to take place accurately with less caresince it assures the application of an axial closing force to the plug[4.

In connection with the operation of closing the plug, attention is aga ninvited to the fact that the engagement between the cylindrical plug andneck surfaces provides for a free sliding movement of the plug. This isimportant from a practical standpoint since it eliminates the necessityfor having to grasp the tube I0 under substantial pressure when closingthe plug. The relation between the deformability of the container bodyand the frictional resistance to movement of the cream or paste throughthe plug body would not provide the desired results if it were necessarytightly to grasp the tube body when pushing the plug to closed position.

The ribs 40 (and 42) in actual practice are quite thin and these ribs orridges do not engage the bore of the neck un il the plug I4 isapproximately completely closed. The last increment of closing movementof the plug causes the ridges to bind tightly within the neck ll of thecontainer. This binding action together with the snug fitting of theplug within the neck is such, as indicated above, that strong resistanceis provided aga nst movement .of the plug out of closed position underthe influence of internal pressures. The plug will not move and internalpressures will be built up in the plug bore 20 to cause the plugradially to expand into engagement with the bore surfaces of the neck Il thus preventing any accidental or unwanted movement of the plug fromclosed position. At the same time, this resistance to opening movementof the plug is not such as to materially interfere with the opening ofthe plug by twisting and pulling on the cap 2|. This operation is easilyperformed.

As stated above. it is preferred that one of the sealing rings orridges, namely the ridge 42, be arranged at a position above thedispensing opening 34. Thus if any contents of the tube find their wayexternally of the plug around the portion thereof ad acent thedispensing opening 34, for example, if extruded cream is not wiped cleanfrom the plug, the ring 42 provides a positive seal against the escapeof such material from the top of the container neck.

I claim:

1. A dispensing container for dental cream or the like, comprising acontainer member having a neck, and a closure member therefor comprisinga generally cylindrically shapedplug memdeformable plastic material andhaving a cap portion and a longitudinal bore extending therethrough fromthe opposite end thereof and terminating under said cap portion, alaterally directed port extending through a side wall portion of saidplug member into communication with the longitudinal bore and sopositioned as to be covered by said container neck whenever the closuremember is pressed inwardly thereof, said bore being out-of-round toprovide the material of said plug member surrounding said bore withunequal resistances to'radial deformation in response to internalpressures in said bore, said closure member having a ridge portionextending therearound adapted to bind into fluid sealing relation withsaid container neck when said closure member is deformed radially inresponse to pressure therein, whereby said closure member may beautomatically locked relative to the container member to preventaccidental expulsion of said closure member from said container neck.

2. A dispensing container comprising a container member having acylindrical neck and a closure member therefor comprising a generallycylindrically shaped plug member having a cap portion and a longitudinalbore extending therethrough from the opposite end thereof andterminating under said cap portion, said plug member being formed ofdeformable material and said bore being out-of-round to provide thematerial of said plug member surrounding said bore with unequalresistances to radial deformation whereby the greater the pressureinteriorly of the container member the more said plug member tends toexpand and more firmly lock itself within said neck.

3. A dispensing container comprising a container member having acylindrical neck, and a closure member therefor comprising a generallycylindrically shaped plug member formed of deformable plastic materialand having a cap portion and a longitudinal bore extending therethroughfrom the opposite end thereof and terminating under said cap portion, alaterally directed port extending through a side wall portion of saidplug member into communication with the longitudinal bore and sopositioned as to be covered by said neck whenever the closure member ispressed inwardly thereof, said bore being out-of-round to provide thematerial of said plug member surrounding said bore with unequalresistances to radial deformation whereby internal pressures in saidbore will expand certain portions of said plug member outwardly, saidclosure member having ridge portions extending therearound both aboveand below said laterally directed port and adapted to press into bindingrelation with said neck when said closure member is expanded radially inresponse to pressure therein, whereby said closure member may beautomatically locked relative to the container member at both sides ofsaid port to prevent accidental expulsion of contents from saidcontainer member.

4. A dispensing container comprising a container member having acylindrical neck and a closure member therefor comprising a generallycylindrically shaped plug member having a cap portion and a longitudinalbore extending therethrough from the opposite end thereof andterminating under said cap portion, a laterally directed port extendingthrough a side wall portion of said plug member into communication withthe longitudinal bore and so positioned as to be covered by saidcontainer neck whenever the closure member is pressed inwardly thereof,said container neck being cylindrically bored at the inner end portionthereof and taper-bored at the outer end portion thereof to increase indiameter toward said cap, said closure member being of tapered form atthe upper portion thereof corresponding to the taper-bored portion ofsaid container neck so that whenever the closure member is pressedinwardly of said container said tapered portion presses into snugsealing relation with the tapered portion of said container neck, saidplug member being formed of unequal thickness around said bore to beradially deformable by pressures in said bore to bind within said neck,said plug member having integral annular ridge means extendingtherearound for engaging the bore of said neck to seal said plug memberrelative thereto upon radial deformation of said plug in response topressure forces interiorly thereof.

5. A dispensing container for cream, paste or the like comprising acontainer member having a neck, and a closure member therefor projectingthrough said neck and having a cap portion and a longitudinal passageopening through the bottom of said closure member, said passage beingnon-circular in cross sectional area to provide diametrically oppositerelatively thick closure member walls, the closure member walls betweensuch thickened walls being relatively thin to provide said closuremember with a substantial degree of radial deformability under theinfluence of pressures in said container member to cause said closuremember to bind in said neck, one of the thickened walls of said closuremember having a discharge port therethrough positioned to be exposedabove said neck when said closure member is pulled upwardly to dischargematerial therethrough, said opening being of a length corresponding tothe thickness of said last-named thickened wall to project materialthrough said opening in relatively straight form.

6. A dis ensing container comprising a deformable container body havinga neck provided with a cylindrical bore portion and an upwardlydiverging tapered bore portion of substantial length thereabove, and aclosure member therefor comprising a plug member having a cap portionand a longitudinal bore extending therethrough from theppposite endthereof and terminating under said cap portion, said plug portion havinga cylindrical surface portion slidably fitting said cylindrical boreportion and being of tapered form at the upper portion thereof tocorrespond to the tapered bore portion of said neck so that whenever theclosure member is pressed inwardly of said container body said taperedportion of said plug member presses into snug fitting relation with thetapered bore portion of said neck, said closure member having anintegral peripheral ridge therearound adapted to press into bindingrelation with said neck for locking the plug member in pressure-sealingrelation within said neck. said plug portion being formed of deformablematerial of such nature as to be radially outwardly deformable under theinfluence of internal pressures occurring incident to the generation ofpressures in said container body when said plug portion is in closedposition.

7. A dispensing container comprising a deformable container bodyprovided with a neck having a bore therethrough, the lower end portionof which is cylindrical and the upper end portion of which is relativelylong and tapered to diverge upwardly, and a closure member arranged insaid neck and having a cap portion and a longitudinal passage extendingfrom the lower end of such member to a point spaced from said capportion, said plug member having a cylindrical outer surface portionfitting the cylindrical bore portion of said neck and having an uppertapered portion corresponding to the tapered bore portion of said neckand adapted to fit snugly thereinto when said plug member is in itslowermost position, said plug member being slidable upwardly to anoperative position with said cap portion spaced above said neck and saidplug member having a relatively thick wall portion provided with atransverse discharge port exposed above said neck portion when said plugmember is in operative position, said cylindrical bore portion of saidneck being of substantial length to guide said plug member for linearmovement between its said two positions, said plu member being formed ofdeformable material of such nature as to be radially outwardlydeformable under the influence of internal pressures occurring incidentto the generation of pressures in said container body when said plugmember is in closed position.

8. A dispensing container comprising a deformable container body havinga cylindrical neck and a closure member therefor comprising a generallycylindrically shaped plug member having a cap portion and a longitudinalbore extending therethrough from the opposite end thereof andterminating under said cap portion, a laterally directed port extendingthrough a side wall portion of said plug member into communication withthe longitudinal bore and so positioned as to be covered by saidcontainer neck whenever the closure member is pressed inwardly thereof,said container neck being cylindrically bored at the inner end portionthereof and taper-bored at the outer end portion thereof to increase indiameter toward said cap, said closure member being of tapered form atthe upper portion thereof corresponding to the taper-bored portion ofsaid container neck so that whenever the closure member is pressedinwardly of said body said tapered portion presses into snug sealingrelationwith the tapered portion of said container neck, said plugmember being formed of deformable material and of such nature as to beradially outwardly deformable under the influence of internal pressuresoccurring incident to the exertion of pressures on said container bodywhen said plug member is in closed position, said plug member havingintegral annular ridge means therearound for engaging the taper-boredportion of said neck in wedging relation thereto to seal said plugmember in said neck.

9. A dispensing container comprising a deformable container body havinga neck provided with a cylindrical bore portion and an upwardlydiverging tapered bore portion thereabove, and a closure member thereforcomprising a plug member having a cap portion and a longitudinal boreextending therethrough from the opposite end thereof and terminatingunder said cap portion, said plug portion having a cylindrical surfaceportion slidably fitting said cylindrical bore portion and being oftapered form at the upper portion thereof to correspond to the taperedbore portion of said neck so that whenever the closure member is pressedinwardly of said container member said tapered portion of said plugmember presses into snug fitting relation with the tapered bore portionof said neck, said cylindrical plug surface portion and said cylindricalbore portion of said neck being relatively long to guide said plugmember for linear movement axially thereof, said plug portion beingformed of deformable material of such nature as to be radially outwardlydeformable under the influence of internal pressures occurring incidentto the generation of pressures in said container body when said plugportion is in closed position.

10. A dispensing container comprising a container body having a neckprovided with a cylindrical bore portion, and a closure member thereforcomprising a plug member having a cap portion and being provided with acylindrical surface portion freeiy slidably fitting said cylindricalbore portion for movement between an inner closed position and an outeropen position, said plug member being of closed section transverselythereof and having a longitudinal passage extending therethrough andcommunicating at its inner end with the interior of said body, andhaving a lateral discharge port communicating with the upper end of saidlongitudinal passage, said discharge port being arranged above said neckwhen said plug member is in its open position, said container body beingformed of normally self form-retaining material and being readilydeformable for the displacement through said longitudinal passage andsaid discharge port of a paste material in said container member, thearea of said longitudinal passage being substantially less than thecross sectional area of said plug to irictionally resist passage of thepaste material therethrough to an extent greater than the resistance ofsaid container body to outward deformation whereby, when said plugmember is pushed to its closed position, the pressure generated withinsaid container body by said plug member will deform said container bodyoutwardly without appreciable movement of the paste material throughsaid longitudinal passage, thus minimizing the formation of a daub ofthe paste material at said discharge port.

11. A dispensing container comprising a container body having a neckprovided with a cylindrical bore portion, and a closure member thereforcomprising a plug member having a cap portion and being provided with acylindrical sur-' face portion slidably fitting said cylindrical boreportion for movement between an inner closed position and an outer openposition, said plug member having a longitudinal passage extendingtherethrough and communicating at its inner end with the interior ofsaid body, and having a, lateral discharge port communicating with theupper end of said longitudinal passage, said discharge port beingarranged above said neck when said plug member is in its open position,said container body being formed of readily deformable material for thedisplacement through said longitudinal passage and said discharge portof a paste material in said container member, said longitudinal passagebeing of a cross sectional area substantially less than the crosssectional area of said plug and being substantially narrowed in onetransverse direction to provide opposite relatively closely spacedparallel walls. to frictionally resist passage of the paste materialthrough said passage whereby displacement of paste material in saidcontainer body when said plug member is pushed to its closed positionwill doiorm said container body outwardly withh UNITED STATES PATENTS'out appreciable movement -01 the paoto maoo- Number Nun Date rialthrough said lonzltudlnal pamlio. film! 706-710 Aug. 12' 1903 imizin:the Iormation of a dumb q! the P 1,451,461 Km: Ann 10' 1923 material atsaid dlloham p I 5 1,567,084 Rose Dec. 29, 1925 i ma 3 418,348 HermannApr. 1, 1947 FOREIGN PATENTS nnrmmcns ormn Number country mm Theiollowln reierences are of record in the 10 8,074 Grout Britain Apr. 4,1910 file '01 this patofit: 180.640 Great Britain Sept. 9, 1920

